In this chapter and the next, Ezra describes his actions in a manner he considers important: the issue of mixed marriages. The fear of idolatry or syncretism drove the prohibitions in Exodus and Deuteronomy, a threat that was resurfacing. Within a large, unified empire, the presence of different groups posed the biggest threat to national identity. A single Temple meant little if families practiced strange cults and rites around it. Ezra’s decisive actions aim to cut off and stop these dangers. The community of the chosen people is still called “the exiles,” even though most were born in Judah, as if exile were a necessary part of their identity. If we compare the list in 10:18-43 with the group of returnees (2:1-70), we see that almost all are descendants of families from the first caravan. Ezra leaves the scene, leaving his people with a focus on separation to protect their national and religious identity. His legacy is a strict interpretation of the Law.