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HISTORICAL JUDGMENTS I

Judgment of the Water

Wisdom granted success to their actions through a holy prophet;

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they crossed a desolate wilderness and set up camp in difficult-to-reach places.

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They faced their enemies bravely and fought off the hostiles.

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When they were thirsty, they called on you, and you provided water from hard flint, from a rocky cliff—a relief for the parched.

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The same creatures you used to punish their enemies benefited them in their trouble.

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For their enemies, an endless river of blood became polluted with blood,

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a harsh response to the decree to slaughter infants. Yet, against all hope, you gave your people water in abundance,

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showing them through their thirst how you had punished their enemies.

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Their trials were merciful rebukes, through which your people saw how severely the wicked are judged and punished.

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You tested them like a father, but examined their enemies like a stern king.

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Their enemies suffered both then and later.

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When they remembered the past, they experienced double grief and groaning.

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They realized it was the Lord’s work when they saw their punishment had benefited others.

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Long ago, they ridiculed and rejected Moses, but now they admired him because of what had happened—after suffering a thirst far worse than that of the righteous.

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Judgment of the Animals

Their wickedness and foolish ideas led them astray, even to worship snakes and other repugnant animals; this is why you sent them hordes of similar creatures,

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teaching them that punishment takes the same form as the sin.

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In fact, your almighty power that created the world from formless matter did not lack means to unleash upon them bears and savage lions,

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or monsters freshly created, unknown and full of fury, breathing fire or noisily spitting smoke or flashing fearful sparks from their eyes,

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creatures not only capable of destroying them in a single blow but whose mere presence could make them die of fright.

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Even without this, they could have dropped dead at a single breath if pursued by your justice or dispersed by the breath of your might; but you ordered all with measure, number, and weight.

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You can show your power at any moment, and who can resist the strength of your arm?

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For the entire world lies before you, just enough to tip the scales, a drop of morning dew falling on the ground.

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But because you are almighty, you are merciful to all; you overlook sins and give your children time to repent.

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You love everything that exists and hate nothing that you have made; if you had hated anything, you would not have formed it.

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How could anything endure if you did not will it? And how could anything last that you had not willed?

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You have compassion on all because all is yours, O Lord, lover of life.

Commentaries

11:1 - 12:27

Historical Judgments I.

We find this title twice in the book of Wisdom. Both instances draw on traditions from the Bible, primarily Exodus, and update them in line with other Jewish traditions or the philosophical context surrounding them. The core message remains the same: what served as punishment for the wicked was salvation for the righteous. Both personal and community histories serve as reasons for believers to encounter God. If at other times God revealed himself as a being who punished evil, today he manifests himself to us as one full of mercy.

11:1 - 11:14

Judgment of the Water.

Next, as shown in the previous section, the narrative method of midrash—interpretation and commentary on biblical details—is used. It describes how the Israelites benefit from the things that punish the Egyptians to justify their trust in God: the polluted water of the Nile that punishes the Egyptians (Ex 7:17-24) for the infanticide decree (Ex 1:16, 22) becomes water of salvation—rock of the desert—for Israel (Ex 17:5-7; Nm 20:8-11), which also serves as a test and explanation of thirst (Deut 8:2-5). Meanwhile, the people’s murmuring is ignored, and their behavior is idealized (as in Ps 107:6). At another time, the people of Israel were encouraged to reflect on God’s presence amid trials and liberation. Their past assured their present and future. For personal and community situations alike, texts like this serve as a source of support and an opportunity to recognize moments when God has comforted and saved us.

11:15 - 12:1

Judgment of the Animals.

Why does God not punish the wicked? This is the central question here. The mystery of creation (Gn 1:2) is given as an answer: all things exist because God wills it, and he mercifully reserves—an extension of divine creative power—an end for each of them (Gn 9:6; Judg 1:6f; 1 Sam 15:23; Prov 5:22). For example, it explains how the Egyptians suffered the punishment of animal plagues (Ex 8-10) because they had sinned by worshipping them—in Egypt, snakes, crocodiles, lizards, and toads were worshipped. Idolatry is not limited to the past. Many forms of worship today still show it—money, abuse of power, etc. Using the language of the book of Wisdom, it can be said that in sin lies punishment.


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