1

David Anointed King in Hebron

After this, David consulted the Lord: “Shall I go up to one of the cities of Judah?” The Lord answered him: “Go!” Then David asked: “Where shall I go?” He answered: “To Hebron.”

2

So David went up to Hebron with his two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel.

3

David also brought up his men with their families, and they settled in the towns of Hebron.

4

Then the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the nation of Judah.David learned that the men of Jabesh-Gilead had buried Saul,

5

so he sent messengers to them with these words: “May the Lord bless you for you have dealt kindly with Saul, your master, and have buried him.

6

May the Lord show his love and fidelity to you! I, in turn, will be kind to you for doing this.

7

Now be brave and strong, for although your master Saul is dead, the people of Judah have anointed me their king.”

8

Abner and Joab

Now Abner, son of Ner, Saul’s general, had taken Ishbaal, son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim,

9

where he made him king over Gilead, the Ashurites, Jezreel, Ephraim, Benjamin, and the rest of Israel.

10

Ishbaal, Saul’s son, was forty when he began reigning over Israel and reigned for two years. Only the people of Judah followed David.

11

David was their king in Hebron, and he ruled over them for seven years and six months.

12

Abner, son of Ner, and the men-servants of Ishbaal, Saul’s son, left Mahanaim for Gibeon,

13

where Joab, son of Zeruiah, and the men of David met them at the pool of Gibeon. There they sat, one group on one side of the pool, the other on the opposite side.

14

Abner told Joab: “Let the young men rise and perform for us.” Joab replied: “Let them rise!”

15

So they rose and were counted off: twelve of the Benjaminites of Ishbaal, Saul’s son, and twelve of David’s men.

16

Each one caught his opponent’s head and thrust his sword in his opponent’s side, falling down together. Therefore, that place in Gibeon was called the field of the fighting.

17

After a very fierce battle that day, David’s troops defeated Abner and the men of Israel.

18

The three sons of Zeruiah—Joab, Abishai, and Asahel—were there.

19

Asahel, who ran as fast as a wild gazelle, pursued Abner, turning neither to the right nor the left.

20

Abner turned around and asked: “Is that you, Asahel?” He replied: “Yes, it is me.”

21

Abner said: “Turn right or left, go after one of the young men and take his spoil.” But Asahel refused to desist from following him,

22

so Abner again said: “Stop following me! I will surely strike you down, and then, how could I face your brother Joab?”

23

But Asahel would not heed, and Abner, without turning back, struck him in the belly with his spear, which ran through him and came out his back. He fell and died on the spot, and all who came to the place where Asahel fell dead, stopped there.

24

Joab and Abishai, however, pursued Abner and, by sunset, arrived at the hill of Ammah, which lies near Geba and toward the desert of Gibeon.

25

The Benjaminites then rallied around Abner, forming one band, and took their position on the hilltop.

26

Then Abner called to Joab: “When will the sword rest? Do you not realize that this will bring you more bitterness? When will you order your men to stop pursuing their brothers?”

27

Joab replied: “As God lives, if you had not spoken, my men would have continued pursuing their brothers until morning.”

28

So Joab blew the trumpet, and the men desisted from pursuing and fighting the Israelites.

29

Abner and his men marched all night through the lowland, crossed the Jordan, and marched the whole morning until they reached Mahanaim.

30

As for Joab, he stopped pursuing Abner and gathered all his men. Besides Asahel, nineteen of David’s servants were missing.

31

But David’s men had killed three hundred and sixty of Abner’s men from among the Benjaminites.

32

Asahel was taken and buried in his father’s tomb at Bethlehem. Then Joab and his men marched all night and reached Hebron at daybreak.

Commentaries

2:1 - 2:7

David Anointed King in Hebron.

To leave his voluntary exile in Ziklag and return to his homeland, David had to wait for three key events: first, the death of his rival and persecutor; second, the approval of his lords, whom he had served as a vassal; and third, divine approval. The author highlights the consultation and the oracle as formal blessings for the new phase of the chosen person. Judea is the region where he was born, where he achieved feats, and where he has well-earned gifts (1 Sm 30:26-31). There, he is recognized as a captain and a well-connected landowner. For the people of Judea, having a king from their bloodline or tribe is preferable to relying on those from the north. If any hope remains for the Judean people, it is placed in David. The military leader rises to become king: this is a historic moment, around 1000 BC. Jabesh-Gilead, located across the Jordan, is a distant city that supports Saul; at any moment, it could turn into a stronghold of opposition. That is why David quickly seeks to win the favor of the inhabitants.

2:8 - 3:5

Abner and Joab.

Abner survives the battle against the Philistines, though it’s unclear how, and tries to maintain Saul’s family’s power by making Ishbaal king of Israel. This leads to a conflict between David’s supporters and Ishbaal’s followers. The episodes in 2:12-32 are difficult to interpret—are they two separate events or part of one story: the challenge and the battle? Is it a fight to the death with military results or a tournament that ends tragically? Is the second part about chasing a fleeing enemy or testing speed and skill?
It’s a battle where the fighters don’t want to lose many men, and a truce is suggested.


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