1 Timothy
Chapter 1
Greeting
Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by God’s command—our Savior—and of Christ Jesus, our hope,
to Timothy, my true son in faith. May God the Father and Christ Jesus, our Lord, grant you grace, mercy, and peace.
False teachers
When I left for Macedonia, I urged you to stay in Ephesus to warn certain people not to teach false doctrines
or to get involved in fables and endless genealogies. These give rise to discussions rather than promoting a better service of God through faith.
Our warning aims to show love, which stems from a pure mind, a good conscience, and sincere faith.
Some people have abandoned this motivation and wandered into pointless discussions.
They claim to be teachers of the law, but in reality, they don’t understand what they’re saying or the topics they discuss.
We know the law is good if one uses it legitimately.
The law is not meant for the righteous but for the lawless, the wicked, and sinners—those who do not respect God or religion, those who kill their parents, murderers,
and those who engage in unlawful sex and homosexuality, kidnappers, exploiters, liars, perjurers, and all who oppose sound doctrine,
all against the gospel of the glory and happiness of God, which was entrusted to me.
Paul and Timothy
I thank Christ Jesus, our Lord, who gives me strength, considers me trustworthy, and has appointed me to his service,
although I was a blasphemer, a persecutor, and a fanatical enemy, yet I have been mercifully treated because I acted out of ignorance when I opposed the faith;
and the grace of our Lord was more than enough, along with the faith and love found in Christ Jesus.
This saying is true and worth believing: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost.
Because of that, I was mercifully treated; Christ Jesus wanted to show his greatest patience so that I might serve as an example for all who are to believe and receive eternal life.
To the King of ages, the only God who exists beyond all perishable and visible creations—be honor and glory forever. Amen!
Timothy, my child, I command you to fight the good fight, fulfilling the prophetic words spoken over you, so that by following them you may fight a good fight.
Hold onto faith and a good conscience, unlike those who, ignoring their conscience, have ultimately destroyed their faith.
Among them, Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I have handed over to Satan to be taught not to blaspheme.
Commentaries
Greeting.
Although the author of this letter is not Paul himself but one of his disciples, the apostolic authority he represents is unquestionable. To emphasize this authority, he adopts the name of Paul. The recipient is Timothy, the Apostle’s close associate, whom the author calls “his son begotten by faith” (2). More than just an affectionate nickname, it is a title rooted in legitimate and authentic authority as the leader of the Christian community.
False Teachers.
Timothy’s first task will be to confront the false teachers who spread heretical doctrines that oppose sound tradition, which are nothing more than fables, myths, “endless genealogies” (4), all products of the charlatans’ imagination of that time. This likely refers to Gnosticism — “gnosis” could be translated as “arcane wisdom,” the “New Age” of that era — with its vague and mixed collection of unconventional ascetic practices and esoteric knowledge that attracted initiates with the illusion of salvation within reach, as if the saving message of Jesus Christ were not clear or sufficient. The role of the “evangelizer” is gradually shifting to that of the “pastor,” whose primary responsibility is faithfulness to the “apostolic tradition”—the “memory of Jesus”—which must be preserved as a sacred deposit (cf. 1 Tim 1:11; 2 Tim 1:10-14; Titus 1:3) against any form of deviation.
Paul and Timothy.
The author begins with a traditional Thanksgiving in his letter to emphasize his role as the community’s pastor, framing his calling as a gift from God rather than a personal achievement. He affirms the core doctrine that “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners” (15). Additionally, Paul, the great convert, entrusts the task of apostolic service to his son, Timothy, establishing rightful succession. The message is clear: no leader can claim authority or merits of their own; authority originates from God, who chooses whomever he wishes, regardless of sinfulness—even Paul himself. This conviction protected the early Church from the cult of personality surrounding its apostles and pastors. This serves as a valuable lesson for our Church today. With this understanding, the author encourages Timothy to fulfill his pastoral duties faithfully.