In verse 1, we observe: 1. The identity of the author, who refers to himself as Solomon. This does not necessarily mean that Solomon, the son of David, is the actual author of the work; it is a literary device used to give the text importance and place it within biblical wisdom (cf. 1 Kgs 5:9-14). 2. The term “discourse” or “words,” which, although it can have a general meaning, echoes the beginning of prophetic speeches (Jr 1:1; Prov 30:1). 3. The framework of the book. Verse 2 includes the recurring refrain that will be repeated in various forms until it concludes the work (12:8).
“Pure illusion” translates to “vanity of vanities,” meaning “the great vanity” or “the great illusion”; it is a superlative, similar to how “song of songs” means “the great song.” It pertains to human fragility. It does not refer to everything in heaven and earth but to life’s activities, the illusory nature of things, and the disappointment they bring to humans.
Qohelet, the Hebrew name for Ecclesiastes, symbolizes someone who has experienced everything in life: wealth, wisdom, and more. Ultimately, when it’s time to enjoy the results of his years, he concludes that everything is “pure illusion.” Is it possible for a believer to feel this way? Even more surprising is that, despite this feeling, his faith remains steady. This is undoubtedly the most important lesson to learn from the work.