The traditional view of the Bible considered children a sign of divine blessing (Gn 17:19f; Job 1:1-5). Conversely, barrenness was regarded as a curse (1 Sm 1:1-3). This new section addresses this topic, although its conclusion differs. It states that lacking children through virtue is not a curse (13-15), while the offspring of illegitimate unions amount to nothing (4:3-6).
On the other hand, it is said that the old age of the wicked is dishonorable (16-19). However, through virtue, one can achieve immortality, even if they die young (4:1f). When a hostile or indifferent environment tests personal or community values, God can reveal Himself through a commitment to life and a world that does not neglect the weakest. Fidelity must include mercy.