Rom 5,8

Chapter 5

1

Consequences of the New Righteousness

By faith, we have received true righteousness, and we are at peace with God through Jesus Christ, our Lord.

2

Through him, we receive this favor in which we abide, and we even boast to expect the glory of God.

3

Not only that, but we also even boast of our afflictions, knowing that afflictions produce endurance,

4

from which comes character, and character produces hope.

5

Hope does not disappoint us because the Holy Spirit has been given to us, pouring into our hearts the love of God.

6

Consider, furthermore, the time when Christ died for us: when we were still helpless and unable to do anything.

7

Few would agree to die for an upright person; although for a very good person, perhaps someone would dare to die.

8

But see how God demonstrated his love for us: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us;

9

and we have been made righteous through his blood. Therefore, even more, we are justified now and will be saved from any condemnation.

10

Once enemies, we have been reconciled with God through the death of his Son; with even more reason, now we can be saved through his life.

11

Not only that, but we also boast in God because of Christ Jesus our Lord, through whom we have been reconciled.

12

Comparison Between Adam and Christ

Therefore, sin entered the world through one man; and through sin, death. Later on, death spread to all humankind because all sinned.

13

As long as there was no law, they could not speak of disobedience, but sin was already present in the world.

14

This is why, from Adam to Moses, death ruled among them, even though their sin was not disobedience like in Adam’s case—this was not the real Adam, but a foreshadowing of the one who was to come.

15

This has been the fall, but God’s gift extends far beyond it. Everyone died because of one man’s fault, but how much greater is God’s grace when the gift he gave reaches everyone, through this unique man, Jesus Christ.

16

Again, there is no comparison between the gift and the offense of one man. One sinner committed the disobedience that brought condemnation, whereas the grace of God offers forgiveness to a world of sinners.

17

If death ruled because of the disobedience of one person, how much more will there be a reign of life for those who receive grace and the gift of true righteousness through Jesus Christ!

18

Just as one transgression brought sentence of death to all, so too, one man’s good act has brought justification and light to all;

19

and, as the disobedience of only one made all sinners, so the obedience of one person allowed all to be made just and holy.

20

The law, introduced later, led to an increase in sin; but where sin grew, grace abounded even more.

21

Just as sin caused death to rule, grace will reign in its own time. After making us just and friends of God, it will lead us to eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Chapter 8

1

Life Through the Spirit

This contradiction no longer exists for those in Jesus Christ.

2

In Jesus Christ, the law of the Spirit of life has set me free from the law of sin and death.

3

The law was ineffective, weak as it was through the flesh. God, planning to destroy sin, sent his own Son in the likeness of those subject to the sinful human condition; by doing this he condemned the sin in this human condition.

4

Since then, the perfection intended by the law will be fulfilled by those who walk in the way of the spirit rather than in the way of the flesh.

5

Those who walk according to the flesh tend toward fleshly things; those led by the Spirit tend toward spiritual things.

6

The flesh tends to death, while the spirit seeks life and peace.

7

What the flesh desires goes against God: it does not agree, and it cannot even submit to God’s law.

8

Therefore, those living according to the flesh cannot please God.

9

However, your existence is not in the flesh but in the spirit because God’s Spirit dwells within you. If you did not have the Spirit of Christ, you would not belong to him.

10

But Christ is within you; although the body is marked by death as a consequence of sin, the spirit is life and holiness.

11

And if the Spirit of him, who raised Jesus from the dead, is within you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies. Yes, he will do it through his Spirit who dwells within you.

12

Then, brothers and sisters, let us forsake the flesh and stop living according to it.

13

If not, we will die. Instead, by walking in the Spirit, let us eliminate the body’s deeds so that we may live.

14

Everyone who walks in God’s Spirit is a son or daughter of God.

15

Then, do not fear anymore: you did not receive a spirit of slavery, but the spirit that makes you sons and daughters, and every time we cry, “Abba! (which means Dad!) Father!”

16

The Spirit reassures our spirit that we are sons and daughters of God.

17

If we are children, then we are also heirs. Our inheritance will be from God, and we will share it with Christ; for if we suffer with him now, we will also share in his glory.

18

Hope of Glory

I believe that the suffering of our current life cannot be compared to the glory that will be revealed and given to us.

19

All creation eagerly awaits the glorious birth of God’s children.

20

For if the created world was unable to achieve its purpose, that does not come from itself but from the one who subjected it. However, there is still hope;

21

for even the created world will be freed from this fate of death and share in the freedom and glory of God’s children.

22

We understand that all of creation groans and experiences the pains of childbirth.

23

Not creation alone, but even ourselves; although the Spirit was given to us as a foretaste of what we are to receive, we groan in our innermost being, eagerly awaiting the day when God will give us full rights and rescue our bodies as well.

24

In hope, we already possess salvation. But if we saw what we hoped for, there would be no hope. For who hopes for what one sees?

25

So we hope for what we do not see, and we will receive it through patient hope.

26

Similarly, the Spirit helps us in our weakness; for we do not know how to pray as we should, but that very Spirit intercedes for us without words, as if with groans.

27

And he, who sees inner secrets, knows the desires of the Spirit, for he asks the holy ones what is pleasing to God.

28

The Love of God

We know that in everything, God works for the good of those who love him, whom he has called according to his plan.

29

Those he knew beforehand, he also predestined to be like his Son, so that he may be the Firstborn among many brothers and sisters.

30

And so, those whom God predestined, he called; and those he called, he makes righteous; and to those he makes righteous, he will give his glory.

31

What should we say after this? If God is with us, who can be against us?

32

If he did not hold back his own Son but gave him up for us all, how will he not also give us everything along with him?

33

Who will accuse those chosen by God? He removes their guilt.

34

Who will dare condemn them? Christ, who died and, even better, rose and is seated at the right hand of God, interceding for us?

35

Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Will it be trials, or anguish, persecution, or hunger, lack of clothing, or dangers, or the sword?

36

As the scripture says: For your sake, we are being killed all day long; they treat us like sheep to be slaughtered.

37

No, through all of this, we are more than conquerors, thanks to him who loved us.

38

I am certain that neither death nor life, neither angels nor spiritual powers, neither the present nor the future, nor cosmic powers—

39

whether from heaven or the depths below—nor any creature whatsoever will separate us from the love of God, which we have in Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Commentaries

5:1 - 5:11

Consequences of the New Righteousness.

Another section of the letter begins. Legal language takes a back seat to a more ethical one. The prominence of love replaces the dominance of divine justice. There is no longer any distinction between Jews and pagans. Paul now addresses the Christian community. He explains what this “justification” consists of, which we receive as a gift from God through Jesus Christ. With peace and hope, Christians do not avoid or shy away from the hardships and suffering of the present life, whether those inherent in the human condition or those caused by following Christ. Instead, they accept them with responsibility, patience, and endurance, knowing that, in the end, the power of life will triumph over the powers of death. What seems unbelievable to our human capacity is not so for the unconditional and infinite love of God revealed in the death and resurrection of Jesus. 

5:12 - 5:21

Comparison Between Adam and Christ.

Paul now explains the freedom from sin and death through a grand comparison between Adam and Christ. Adam is the origin of sinful humanity. This isn’t about personal sins but about our mysterious participation in the original sin of the first man, regardless of individual actions. We all inherit Adam’s sin and, as a result, death, “since all have sinned” (12). However, this idea of “original sin” can only be understood in relation to the reality of corporate solidarity, which connects humanity to Christ’s redemptive act. Paul then introduces the other central figure in human history, the one he cares about most: Christ. But these two figures are not equal. In fact, there’s no real comparison because the dominance of Adam in crime and death is entirely overshadowed by the abundance of the gift and “favor of one man, Jesus Christ” (15). When the Apostle compares them by describing Adam as a “figure” of Christ, it’s mainly to emphasize the stark contrast between the two. St. Augustine famously captured Paul’s startling message with a provocative statement: “O happy fault!” -Blessed Sin- that has brought us such a Savior.

8:1 - 8:17

Life Through the Spirit.

All the main themes of Paul’s preaching come together in this chapter to present a grand vision of the Christian life and hope, revealed through the mystery of God’s love in its three parts: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Human beings are no longer alone in their struggle. God the Father is fully committed, sending his Son into the world “in a condition similar to that of sinful man” (3). The death and resurrection of Jesus open the way for the Spirit, whom Paul mentions 29 times in this chapter, and show him as a force full of energy: he inspires (5), aims for life and peace (6), dwells in Christians (9), will give life to our mortal bodies (11), helps to mortify the actions of the body (13), culminating in the great revelation of the ultimate gift that sums up and includes all the others: he makes us children of God, allows us to cry out Abba, Father (15), testifies with our spirit that we are children of God (16), heirs of God, co-heirs with Christ (17). The apostle concludes by saying that now, this “sonship and inheritance” (cf. Mk 14:36; Gal 4:6) is to share in his passion, through which we will also share in his glory (cf. Phil 3:10ff).

8:18 - 8:27

Hope of Glory.

Paul begins by speaking of the glory of those who suffer with Christ, which will be revealed in us (18). He then places all “humanity” and all ‘creation’ within this “horizon of hope,” since both translations of the Greek term used are possible and even complementary. This grand vision of the Apostle will likely resonate more with our generation than with those before. The Apostle considers humanity and creation on the journey to salvation—already achieved in Christ, but not yet complete—with an expectant gaze toward that future of liberation that is already present in hope: “the whole of humanity is groaning in the pains of childbirth” (22).

8:28 - 8:39

The Love of God.

Paul concludes the chapter with a triumphant song about the love that God and Christ have for us. Thanks to Him, we will come out victorious from all the tribulations life may bring. Although the paragraph begins with man’s love for God, the initiative does not come from man, because it was God who started by choosing, predestining, calling, making righteous, and glorifying (29f). The Apostle does not speak of “the predestined” as if he were referring to ‘us’ as opposed to “others,” but quite the opposite. The emphasis is on God’s initiative in salvation, which is universal; that’s why Jesus Christ is the “firstborn of many” (29) without exception. God has taken the side of men and women of every nation, race, and religion in an act of love from which nothing and no one can separate us, and which extends beyond death, for it is a promise of resurrection.

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