Mt 5,8

Chapter 5

1

Sermon on the Mount: The Beatitudes

When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain. He sat down, and his disciples gathered around him.

2

Then he spoke and began to teach them:

3

Fortunate are those who are poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

4

Fortunate are those who mourn; they shall be comforted.

5

Fortunate are the gentle; they shall inherit the land.

6

Fortunate are those who hunger and thirst for justice, for they shall be satisfied.

7

Fortunate are the merciful, for they shall be shown mercy.

8

Fortunate are those with pure hearts, for they shall see God.

9

Fortunate are those who work for peace; they shall be called children of God.

10

Fortunate are those who are persecuted for the cause of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

11

Fortunate are you when people insult and persecute you and speak all kinds of evil against you because you are my followers.

12

Be glad and rejoice, for a great reward awaits you in God. That is how they persecuted the prophets who lived before you.

13

Salt and Light. Image of the Disciples: Salt and Light

You are the salt of the earth. But if salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It has become useless. It can only be thrown away, and people will trample on it.

14

You are the light of the world. A city built on a mountain cannot be hidden.

15

No one lights a lamp and then covers it; instead, it is placed on a lampstand where it provides light for everyone in the house.

16

In the same way, your light must shine before others so that they may see the good you do and praise your Father in heaven.

17

Jesus and the Law

Do not think that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets. I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.

18

I tell you this: as long as heaven and earth last, not the smallest letter or dot in the law will change until everything is fulfilled.

19

So then, whoever breaks the least important of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be least in the kingdom of heaven. But whoever obeys them and teaches others to do the same will be great in the kingdom of heaven.

20

I tell you, if your sense of right and wrong isn’t sharper than that of the lawyers and the Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven.

21

Regarding Offense

You have heard that it was said to our ancestors: Do not murder; anyone who murders will face judgment.

22

But now I tell you: anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will face judgment. Anyone who insults a brother or sister is in danger of being brought before the council. And anyone who calls a brother or sister “Fool!” is in danger of being thrown into the fiery Gehenna.

23

So, if you are about to offer your gift at the altar and remember that your brother has something against you,

24

leave your gift there in front of the altar; go at once and make peace with your brother, then come back and offer your gift to God.

25

Don’t forget this: reconcile with your opponent quickly when you’re together on the way to court. Otherwise, he will turn you over to the judge, who will send you to the police, and you’ll be put in jail.

26

There you will stay until you’ve paid the last penny.

27

Regarding Divorce

You have heard that it was said: Do not commit adultery.

28

But I tell you this: anyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart.

29

So, if your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and throw it away! It is much better for you to lose a part of your body than to have your whole body thrown into Gehenna.

30

If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away! It is better for you to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into Gehenna.

31

Regarding Oaths

It was also said: Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a written notice of divorce.

32

But I tell you this: if a man divorces his wife, except for the reason of an unlawful union, he causes her to commit adultery. And the man who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

33

You have also heard that people were told in the past: Do not break your oath; an oath sworn to the Lord must be kept.

34

But I tell you this: do not take oaths. Do not swear by the heavens, for they are God’s throne;

35

nor by the earth, because it is his footstool; nor by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great king.

36

Do not even swear by your head, because you cannot make a single hair white or black.

37

Let your ‘Yes’ mean ‘Yes’ and your ‘No’ mean ‘No.’ Anything more than this comes from the evil one.

38

Regarding Revenge

You have heard that it was said: An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

39

But I tell you this: do not oppose evil with evil. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn and offer the other.

40

If someone sues you in court for your shirt, give him your coat as well.

41

If someone forces you to go one mile, go two miles with him.

41

If someone forces you to go one mile, go two miles with him.

42

Give when asked and do not turn your back on anyone who wants to borrow from you.

43

You have heard that it was said: Love your neighbor and do not do good to your enemy.

44

But this I tell you: love your enemies; and pray for those who persecute you,

45

so that you may be children of your Father in Heaven. For he makes his sun rise on both the wicked and the good, and he gives rain to both the just and the unjust.

46

If you love those who love you, what recompense will you have? Don’t even tax collectors do the same?

47

And if you are only friendly to your friends, what makes that so exceptional? Don’t even the pagans do that? As for you, be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Chapter 8

1

Heals a Leper

When Jesus descended from the mountain, a large crowd followed him.

2

Then a leper stepped forward. He knelt before him and said:

“Sir, if you want to, you can make me clean.”

3

Jesus stretched out his hand, touched him, and said:

“I will do it. Be made clean.”

At that very moment, the man was healed of his leprosy.

4

Then Jesus said to him:

“See that you do not tell anyone, but go to the priest, have yourself declared clean, and offer the gift that Moses commanded as evidence for them.”

5

Heals a Centurion’s Servant

When Jesus arrived in Capernaum, an army captain came to him seeking his help:

6

Sir, my servant is sick at home. He is paralyzed and suffering terribly.

7

Jesus told him: “I will come and heal him.”

8

The captain answered:

“I am not worthy to have you under my roof. Just give an order, and my boy will be healed.

9

For I, a junior officer, give orders to my soldiers. And if I say to one, ‘Go!’ he goes; and if I say to another, ‘Come!’ he comes; and if I say to my servant, ‘Do this!’ he does it.”

10

When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those following him:

“I tell you; I have not found such faith in Israel.

11

I tell you; many will come from the east and the west and will sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the feast in the kingdom of heaven;

12

but the heirs of the kingdom will be thrown out into utter darkness, where they will wail and grind their teeth.”

13

Then Jesus said to the captain:

“Go home now. As you believed, so let it be.”

And at that moment, his servant was healed.

14

Heals and Exorcises Around the House

Jesus went to Peter’s house and found his mother-in-law in bed with a fever.

15

He touched her hand, and the fever left her; she got up and waited on him.

16

Later in the evening, they brought many people possessed by evil spirits to Jesus, and with a word, he cast out the spirits. He also healed all who were sick.

17

In this way, what the prophet Isaiah said was fulfilled:

He bore our infirmities

and took on himself our diseases.

18

Requirements of Discipleship

When Jesus saw the crowd gathering around him, he instructed his disciples to cross to the other side of the lake.

19

A teacher of the law came up to him and said:

“Master, I will follow you wherever you go.”

20

Jesus said to him:

“Foxes have holes and birds have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head.”

21

Another disciple said to him:

“LORD, let me go and bury my father first.”

22

But Jesus said to him:

“Follow me and let the dead bury their dead.

23

Calming a Storm

Jesus stepped into the boat, and his disciples followed him.

24

Suddenly, a fierce storm struck the lake, causing waves to crash over the boat. But Jesus was asleep.

25

The disciples woke him up and cried:

“LORD save us! We are lost!”

26

But Jesus answered:

“Why are you so afraid, you of little faith?”

Then he stood up, rebuked the wind and sea, and it became completely calm.

27

The disciples were amazed. They asked:

“What kind of man is he? Even the winds and the sea obey him.”

28

Exorcism in Gadara

When Jesus arrived at Gadara on the other side, he was met by two men possessed by demons, who came out of the tombs. They were so aggressive that no one dared to pass that way.

29

They shouted:

“Son of God, leave us alone! Have you come here to torment us before the time?”

30

Nearby, a large herd of pigs was feeding.

31

So the demons begged him:

“If you drive us out, send us into that herd of pigs.”

32

Jesus commanded them:

“Go then!”

The demons left the men and entered the pigs. The entire herd then rushed off the cliff into the lake and drowned.

33

The men responsible for the pigs ran to town, where they told the whole story and also what had happened to the men possessed by the demons.

34

The entire town came out to meet Jesus, and when they saw him, they begged him to leave their area.

Commentaries

5:1 - 5:12

Sermon on the Mount: The Beatitudes.

The Sermon on the Mount (the first of Jesus’ five key discourses in this Gospel) is the Magna Carta of the new people of God. It should be read alongside Mount Sinai and Moses in the background (Ex 19) to understand the differences and contrasts. The discourse begins with the eight beatitudes that form the new program for the reign of God. They declare: “Blessed are the poor,” because in them the kingdom of God is already present as a gift and grace among us.
Jesus’ words mainly invite us to embrace poverty, suffering, detachment, hunger, and thirst for justice as “beatitudes.” As a result, material poverty becomes “poverty of heart” or trusting openness to the will and providence of the Father; suffering turns into messianic “consolation,” the only way to find meaning in pain and death; detachment becomes possession of the ‘inheritance’ of the earth; and hunger and thirst for justice become “hope” for the radical change that the Good News will bring.
These first four beatitudes might seem to provide an easy and false spiritualization of harsh reality with passive hope for vindication in a future God’s reign. But this is not true. These four are followed by four more beatitudes of action and dedication: commitment to mercy and solidarity; dedication to an honest and pure life; effort for peace and reconciliation; and perseverance in the face of persecution.

5:13 - 5:16

Image of the Disciples: Salt and Light.

The brief parables of salt and light conclude the proclamation of the Beatitudes and serve as the introduction to the Sermon on the Mount. Biblical tradition views salt—known for adding flavor and preserving food—as a symbol of wisdom. For Matthew, this wisdom is the Word of God, the Good News, not in the abstract but embodied in the lives of believers: “You are the salt of the earth” (13).
The warning, “if salt loses its flavor,” perhaps resonates more urgently today than at any other point in the history of the Church’s evangelization. Our postmodern world only responds to the impact of witness, and without the witness of a serious and consistent Christian life, the Good News will have lost all its flavor.
Along similar lines, the comparison of Christians to the light of the world highlights the message of Jesus more explicitly than salt does. It emphasizes how this message is reflected in the daily conduct of his followers. St. Paul states: “For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Live as children of light” (Eph 5:8). 

5:17 - 5:48

Jesus and the Law.

Jesus clarifies his view on the Law, the Torah. First, he discusses it in general, including all Scripture in the well-known phrase “the Law and the Prophets”; then, in six clearly defined contrasts, highlighted by Matthew’s famous antitheses: “You have heard that it was said… but I say to you.” Jesus speaks with authority that goes beyond the old legislation.
Jesus restores the commandments to their core and ultimate purpose: serving life, justice, love, and truth. He does not oppose the old Law with a new one but transforms it and brings it to fulfillment. At the heart is sacred respect for the person and a denunciation of anything that, even if disguised by legality, attacks their dignity.

8:1 - 8:17

Heals a Leper – Heals a Centurion’s Servant – Heals and Casts Out Demons Around the House.

When Jesus heals and casts out demons, he brings the kingdom of God into the present, showing the Father’s will that his children find fulfillment through freedom. However, the presence of the kingdom demands a response, and faith is a vital step in that process.
The saving power of the kingdom of God has no boundaries; that is why Jesus first reaches out to three marginalized groups: the contagious sick because of their illness; women because of the oppression of a patriarchal culture; and pagans because of their exclusion from God’s people.
Regarding Peter’s mother-in-law, there’s an interesting detail: “she got up and began to serve him” (15). Healing enables women to serve. Is the evangelist symbolically suggesting the restored dignity of Jesus’ followers and their prominent role in the life of Christian communities? 

8:18 - 8:22

Requirements of Discipleship.

The excitement caused by Jesus’ teachings and miracles should not mislead those who want to follow him. Following Jesus involves certain unavoidable conditions: 1. A life free of attachments or securities, impoverished and itinerant. 2. Full readiness for the mission. 3. Following Jesus must be immediate: once the call is received, the path and demands of the kingdom of God cannot be delayed. 

8:23 - 8:27

Calming a Storm.

The evangelist states that when Jesus got into the boat, “the disciples followed him” (23), meaning they began to share his fate. But without faith and trust, following him weakens in extreme situations where loyalty to the kingdom of God might even require risking one’s life. Jesus criticizes his disciples’ lack of faith at the very moment of trial, when “the waves were covering the boat” (24), and not after calm has been restored. The one who was sleeping during the storm rises and reveals himself as Lord of the sea.

8:28 - 8:34

Exorcism in Gadara.

With His presence and action, Jesus drives out demonic forces from the human environment, pushing them into the realm of the impure symbolized by pigs (cf. Is 66:3.17), into the abyss of perdition (the lake or the sea). The power of God is shown by freeing humanity from all kinds of demonic possession, even beyond the limits of the chosen people. The neighbors do not appreciate this liberation, and their attitude contrasts with others’ admiration for Jesus’ power. 

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