Judgment of the Firstborn.

Using the same approach as in previous passages, a connection is now drawn between the tenth plague in Exodus and the Israelites’ departure from Egypt. As punishment for their decision to kill the firstborn (Ex 1:22-2:10), the Egyptians are condemned to lose their own firstborn (Ex 11:4-6; 12:29-32), thereby illustrating that Israel is God’s Son. The book of Exodus itself does not explicitly link these two events. Some details are noteworthy, such as the reference to the promises made to the Patriarchs (6; cf. Gn 15:13ff; 46:3ff), the shift to the past in the way Passover was celebrated in the 1st century B.C., when the “Hallel” (9; cf. Ps 113-118) was sung, or the use of the word as a tool for divine judgment (15; cf. Jr 23:29; Hos 6:5).

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