This section of the laws addresses bodily injury, clearly distinguishing between injuries inflicted on free persons (18s., 22-25) and those on slaves (20s., 26s.). The second part focuses on cases of aggression by a bull, again differentiating between free individuals (28-31) and slaves (32). It also legislates instances of aggression between bulls (35f) and addresses accidents involving a bull or an ass caused by negligence (verse 33). Slaves, bulls, and donkeys were part of the patrimony, representing the domestic and family economy that needed protection. Additionally, we see the famous “law of Talion,” which aimed to restrain excessive revenge and promote compensation proportional to the damage. The Bible opposes excessive revenge, and Jesus explicitly repealed this law (Mt 5:38f) as a potential way to heal interpersonal relationships.
